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This paper focuses on classifying market access for long-distance passenger rail services in Europe into three main models, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model.
The report classifies several design options and their impact and analyses the different models using examples of various countries. This includes a franchising model with a number of concessions as well as a single concession to a monopolistic network operator.
The paper also gives an overview of the organisation of long-distance passenger railway markets in selected European countries, and discusses the development of Germany's long-distance rail passenger services in particular.
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