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Singapore's Land Transport Authority traces the evolution of the country's public transport ticketing system over the last 20 years from manual cash collection to the current smart card-based e-payment system.
Having introduced the automatic fare collection system in 1987 for the first time in its metro system, Singapore launched contactless smart cards (CSC) in April 2002 under a major public-transport initiative.
The use of CSC in fare collection has grown exponentially in the past five years to nearly eight million consumers, and has proven to be cost effective, increasing the reliability, security and convenience for consumers.
The life-cycle cost, including capital, operation and maintenance, has been reduced to less than 5% by the extensive use of e-payments.
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