Travelling planes

Travelling planes

General data . To a water purification of tracks from snow by depth to 1-1,5 m are applied плужные snowplows and travelling planes. The last are used also for excavations in the summer. Pluzhnye snowplows gained the greatest distribution on a network of railroad communications. Depending on a construction of working bodies they share on one - double-line and universal. At single-line snowplows the sailing (the main working body) rejects snow on both parties from a way axis, therefore them use only for activity on single-line sites — by activity on double-track territor snow from a sailing will get on the next way.

Double-line snowplows it is possible to clear away double-line, single-line and way multiple-track territories as they reject snow in one party from a way — to the right on a current of traffic. Now single-line snowplows any more do not manufacture, but on a network of roads single-line snowplows TSUMZ continue to work.

To the main type of snowplows concern double-line плужные СДП and SDP TH, and to travelling planes — planes-snowplows СС-1 and СС-1М, high-power отвальный plough МОП. Sailings at these planes the universal.

The Plane-snowplow . In the summer a plane-snowplow perform activities on the current contents and subgrade repair: clear and thread ditches, shear roadsides, slopings of recesses, plan a subgrade at building of the second ways; clear ways of snow at stations and station limits in the winter, chop off ice, отваливают snow in emptying points of snow railroad trains, open ditches from snow for the dropout of vernal waters, delete snow from recesses of small extent. Now plane-snowplow СС-1М — the updated version of plane-snowplow СС-1 is manufactured.

The Mechanic equipment . The Plane-snowplow (fig. 1) consists of the tradable frame 1, two main wings 7, two снегоочистительных devices 11, the pneumatic and electrical equipment. On a tradable frame two cabins — controls 10 and economic 2 are disposed. The tradable frame — the machine basis — leans on two tradable dollies — two- and three-axis. On a tradable frame all working bodies and auxiliary equipment are disposed. The main blades 7 are suspended to the portal frame 12 mounted on a tradable frame of a plane. Snegoochistitelnye devices on brackets-eyes are installed on the ends of a tradable frame. 6


The plane is equipped by automatic couplings of wagon type. All gears are cited in a working and transport position the compressed air, which закачивается the locomotive compressor in 7 working tanks.

The main blades — the main working bodies — are suspended to a frame шарнирно (fig. 2) on a jib 6 and a bracket 3. The Top of a jib 6 executed in the form of a pipe, is fitted on a cylindrical column 7 portal frames of a plane that ensures heave displacement and blade turn. The main blade (fig. 3) consists of the main part 7 (flat отвальная a plate) and three moving parts: откосного a blade/, sliding кюветной parts 6 (it is disposed for the main) and ballast подкрылка the River the Main part of the main blade is bridged from below to an underhung portion of a jib 6 (see fig. 2) the double hinge, and the tail is suspended to a jib derrick on raking telescopic traction 4. By means of this traction the blade gradient angle in a vertical plane changes. Traction 4 consists of an extension piece and the raking pneumatic cylinder with a pneumatic switch stop. Besides, a position of the main blade change rise and turn gears, and fix in the necessary position telescopic compression struts 3, 4, 6 (fig. 1 see). The main part 7 main blades (fig. 3 see) on which all its elements are mounted, consists of a cast or welded box construction. The underhung portion of the main part is supplied by the removable knifes 8 forming cutting deck edge of a blade. On a back wall of the main blade are strenghtened directing 12: on them by a screwjack 13 it is transferred кюветная a part 6. The Screwjack 13 is set in motion by a pneumatic motor 14. While translating in the upper extreme position кюветная the part covered completely comes for its main part 7, and at releasing goes out because of it that allows to clear and thread ditches.

The otkosnoe blade intended for contouring of slopings of a recess simultaneously with кюветной by a part, consists of actually blade 1 and sectors 4 to which it is linked by a lag hinge 2. Sector 4, besides, is bridged to the main part of the main blade a flapping hinge 3 and sector directing 5. In a vertical plane откосное the blade is turned by the pneumatic cylinder 10 installed on the top of the main blade 7. The cylinder rod is linked with откосным a blade a hollow rod 11. The blade under the influence of a dead load is released. For планировочных activities откосное a blade instal at an angle, corresponding to a corner of a sloping of a recess. Concerning the main blade откосное the blade is fixed by a pneumatic switch stop through bores in sector.

Ballast подкрылком 9 plan ballast section slopings, it is strenghtened шарнирно on the main part of a blade thanks to what he can be installed at an angle, corresponding to a corner of a sloping of a ballast section, or is horizontal. The main blade in a vertical plane by the high-power pneumatic cylinder 9 (fig. 2 see) mounts and dipped, close with a column on which the jib is transferred covered. The main blade in a horizontal plane by the pneumatic cylinder 8 (fig. 1 see), linked to a frame of a plane-snowplow universal joints is turned.


The main blade can be turned together with a jib concerning a column of a portal frame on a corner from 0 to 45 ° to a way axis. In the dipped or raised position the blade is fixed by two hand-operated switch stops. By activity the blade is kept in the necessary position by three telescopic compression struts attached шарнирно to a blade and a frame of the machine. The construction covered with usage of telescopic compression struts allows to instal it under various corners in the plan and to ensure installation кюветной its parts on a ditch axis at various distances from a way axis.

The telescopic compression strut (fig. 4) consists of two pipes: external / and internal 2 (sliding). The cogged rail 3 is welded On a sliding pipe 2, and on an external pipe the pneumatic switch stop 4 is strenghtened. The rake of this switch stop enters in engagement with a sail batten teeth. The switch stop nestles on a sail batten a spring, and is injected from engagement by air acting the piston, transferred in a body of the cylinder of a switch stop. On the end of an external pipe the sheave 5 or the directing gear wheel being in engagement with a sail batten and freely sitting on fixed fixed pin is installed. It allows to prevent skews and to ensure a centering of an internal pipe concerning external.

For wing setting to a required position in the switch stop cylinder submit air — the switch stop goes out engagement with a sail batten that gives the chance to change a length of telescopic traction. At cylinder chamber jointing (a pneumatic control valve) with atmosphere the spring presses a switch stop to a sail batten, fixing a required length of traction.

Snegoochistitelnye devices (two) are disposed on the ends of a frame of a plane-snowplow. The snegoochistitelnoe device (fig. 5) consists of two front boards of 1,3 and two lateral wings 4. Front boards on vertical brackets-hinges are suspended to a tradable frame on a machine axis. The lateral blade шарнирно is bridged to a front board and can be turned concerning a board and be kept in an operating position by two pneumatic cylinders 6 fixed on an afterpiece of front boards. Front boards and lateral blades are supplied jacking подкрылками which are transferred by vertical pneumatic cylinders on vertical directing (on fig. 5 jacking подкрылки and pneumatic cylinders are not shown). It allows to be entered to all отвальному to the device in a clearance gauge of rolling stock. In an underhung portion to подкрылкам cutting knifes are attached.

The front board together with the blade attached to it for a direction changing of rejection of snow on snowplow SS-1M is turned by the pneumatic cylinder installed at the top of a frame (at plane-snowplow СС-1 a sailing turn manually). The board is kept In an operating position by two compression struts, шарнирно fixed by one end on a board, and another — on скользуне, transferred to directing frames. Скользуны are locked by pneumatic switch stops (at compression strut snowplow SS-1 are transferred and fixed manually).

Each blade for installation in a working or transport position is turned by two cylinders mounted on the non-working party of front boards one over another. The same cylinders keep a blade in an operating position. The upper pneumatic cylinder шарнирно is fixed on a board by two trunnions installed in brackets of a blade: for this purpose on a cylinder body jacks are provided. At turn covered a cylinder body also it is turned concerning a board.

At напрессовке snow between a body of the cylinder and a board there can be a rod bending. For prevention of it in snowplow SS-1M the lower cylinder is rigidly fixed on a board (it is installed on palms), and its rod can be turned in a horizontal plane concerning the piston that is reached as follows: the rod of this cylinder is fixed on the piston шарнирно and installed роны (), to the right and to the left from a way axis () and for moving of snow along a way ()
In a pipe constituting a single whole with the piston, and in a cylinder forward door corresponding seal for a piston pipe is provided.


The position подкрылков boards and wings is monitored on point indicators on boards or on the light warning indicator on a control console. Отвальное снегоочистительное the device universal: it can be rebuilt - to clear a way of snow and simultaneously to reject it in both parties from a way axis (as a single-line snowplow), to the right or to the left from a way axis (as a double-line snowplow); to transfer snow before itself (отвальное the device is installed by "pocket") that is used, for example, at exportation of snow from recesses, to tunnels and etc. the Scheme of working installations снегоочистительных devices is shown a water purification of approaches on fig. 6.

The pneumatic equipment. This equipment ensures functioning of air drives of working bodies, sound signals, pneumatic wipers and automatic brakes. On plane-snowplow СС-1М two pneumatic mains completed by tip cranes with standard connecting hoses — working and braking are laid. By activity of a plane a tip hose of a working main bridge to a tip hose of a nutritious main of the locomotive, and a snowplow brake pipe — with a locomotive brake pipe.

On a plane-snowplow 7 delivery air chambers by general bulk 4,2 м3 are installed. For release of pressure in a working main in comparison with pressure in a nutritious main of the locomotive with 0,8—0,85 МПа to 0,6—0,65 МПа on a working main of a plane-snowplow from each party of the machine, in front of working tanks are installed on 2 valves of maximum pressure ЗМД.

Pneumatic cylinders of drives of working bodies are operated by the pneumatic control valves installed on four posts: 2 operating houses earthen devices and 2 operating houses snow devices.

Control valves (fig. 7) — золотникового type. For control of pneumatic cylinders of double-ended action 3 positions of the pneumatic crane are provided: I — the stocked cylinder chamber is bridged by the crane to a head (air intake), and not stocked — with atmosphere; II — on the contrary; III — both cavities are locked, i.e. not reported neither with a head, nor with atmosphere ("a reroof" position). For control of pneumatic power cylinders of one-way action (pneumatic switch stops) the crane has

2 Positions: 1 — the operated cylinder chamber is bridged to a head; II — the same cavity is bridged to atmosphere.

Pneumatic cylinders the position of working bodies of a plane-snowplow changes. Leading particulars of the pneumatic cylinder of double-ended action (fig. 8): a body 1, the piston

3 With a rod 13 and collars 5. The body I on the ends is closed by covers 2 and 12. Through one of covers 12 passes a rod sealed with gland packing 14, a drawn in grund-axle box 15.

In snow-ploughs and snowplows pneumatic cylinders are supplied by leather sealing rings. In braking systems now instal pneumatic cylinders with rubber sealing rings. For more reliable seal of the piston leather sealing rings saturate прожировочным with a railroad train. Sealing rings nestle on a working surface of the cylinder spring thimbles 10 and clamping spacers 7. In cylinder covers there are threaded bores for ввертывания air intake pipes. Depending on a construction of the fetched gear the cylinder body is fixed rigidly (on palms) or is mobile (on trunnions). In certain cases for hinged bracing of the cylinder the ear cast together with not stocked cover is provided. Корпусы cylinders, a cover, pistons and clamping spacers is usual pig-iron.

Working bodies of a plane-snowplow are fixed in certain positions by pneumatic switch stops. Switch stops consist of cylinders of the one-way action which rod serves as the clamper or is linked to a rake which interfaces with a cogged rail fixed, for example, on a telescopic compression strut. In these switch stops moving out of a rod (fixation) is executed under the influence of a spring, and расфиксация — under the influence of compressed air which moves in a stocked cavity of the pneumatic cylinder.


Electric equipment. At a plane-snowplow the electric equipment ensures functioning of lighting systems, signallings, communications, heating of service spaces. As sources of electrical energy of plane-snowplow СС-1М are used бензоэлектрический aggregate AB-4-0-320-M1 (power of 4 kw, stress 230 In, a current frequency of 50 Hz), installed in a special compartment, and two secondary batteries 6ТСТ-132ЭМС (a reservoir 132 А-ч, stress 12), bridged consecutively. Accumulators are installed in a box disposed on a frame of the machine under a floor of an operating house by the main blades. Secondary batteries from бензоэлектрического the aggregate through rectifier ВСА-6К (it is installed in an electricity generating plant compartment) are charged. The electric equipment system can receive also feeding from an external source. For this purpose on both parties of a frame of the machine plug and socket joints are installed.

Floodlights, head lamps and signal lamps feed from the locomotive working with a plane-snowplow. All switchgear, protection and control vehicles are disposed in the boards installed in premises of a plane. On a plane the fire-alarm system is provided. Fusible sensors of this system are installed in utility spaces and an electricity generating plant compartment, a fire indicator — in utility spaces, call bells — on distributing frames in all premises of a plane. The position of jacking guards снегоочистительных devices is monitored by an indication lamps: on control consoles these devices instal the signal bulbs linked to limit switches on working bodies.

Plane-snowplow premises are heated by 10 electric ovens power on 1 kw, receiving feeding from бензоэлектрического the aggregate or from an external source. Power бензоэлектрического the aggregate is equal 4 kw, therefore simultaneously it is possible to actuate no more than four furnaces. At furnace actuation in a network on a control panel of the given premise the signal bulb (from each group of electric ovens) lights up. Including the electric oven, it is necessary to look, whether other monitoring bulbs burn.

From an alternating current main the electric blowers mounted in ceiling deflectors, electric heaters of front windows feed. Front floodlights and signal lamps can receive feeding from the locomotive stress 50, 75 In, and signal lanterns — as well 24 In, therefore in the electroscheme corresponding resistors and switches are provided.

Control of working bodies of a plane. For reduction of snow devices of plane-snowplow СС-1М from transport into position first of all exempt a hand-operated lock of transport bracing of a blade and turn of the knob of the crane on an operating house submit air to not stocked cavities of pneumatic cylinders of turn of a blade which turn a blade. If it is necessary to turn a board, exempt two pneumatic switch stops of bracing of compression struts of wings, turn of the knob of the crane submit air to not stocked cylinder chamber of turn of a board which translates a board in an extreme open position. Board compression struts, being transferred on directing, bring скользуны under pneumatic clampers by which the board is fixed. Then turnbuckles turn away and lift screw couplings of bracing of mobile guards of boards and wings, and also mortgage pins of transport bracings. After that guards can be dipped into position the pneumatic cylinders operated cranes from operating houses.

The main blade of a plane-snowplow is cited into position the engineman of a plane and its assistant. At first the engineman actuates switch stops of telescopic compression struts and a switch stop of raking traction of the gear of a declination of a blade, and the assistant of the engineman lifts the hand-operated clamper of a rotary guard of a blade. To lift a blade from a transport bracket, it hang out the pneumatic cylinder of the gear of rise, and then the turn cylinder turn in a horizontal plane. At turn covered the assistant of the engineman who is on the recreational area of a plane at a column of the gear of rise of a blade, monitors a position of a blade and at achievement by a blade of the necessary corner applies the signal to the engineman about the cessation of its turn. Upon termination of turn covered the engineman with the rise cylinder hangs out it, and the assistant lifts hand-operated switch stops of the gear of rise of a blade. The assistant of the engineman after removal of both switch stops rearranges them downwards for the size necessary for wing dropping into position, and applies the signal to the engineman about the termination of installation of switch stops.

The engineman turn of the knob of a control valve by the pneumatic cylinder of the gear of rise of a blade gradually manufactures compressed air from not stocked cylinder chamber, dipping a blade on "air-cushion" downwards for the size necessary for wing setting. Then exempt a pneumatic switch stop откосного подкрылка, the pneumatic cylinder turn откосный подкрылок into position and stop its pneumatic switch stop. After the termination of operations on wing setting into position its separate elements are fixed by switch stops of telescopic compression struts. In such position the blade is ready for operation.

The operational procedure at a water purification of ways from snow. The universal sailing of snow devices of a plane-snowplow allows to reject snow on both parties from a way axis, in right or left-hand side and also to use a plane as the scraper at вывозке snow from recesses of small extent. At deep snow (to 2) the plane at first punches a trench in a snow layer. For such activity boards and blades leave in a transport position, dip guards of boards and wings in the lower position. After a trench punched hole the second pass increase its breadth blades. Activity and in that case when the plane is used as a single-line snowplow is similarly executed.

At superficial snow (approximately to 0,5) the plane with the uncovered blades can perform activity for one pass at great speed (to 40 km/h). In case of arrival on obstacles or too dense snow blades can spontaneously be covered, as they are kept by pneumatic cylinders. In order to avoid too strong recompression of air in cylinders of opening of wings by activity with open blades control valves cylinders should be installed on «opening of wings», to instal cranes on "reroof" at this time it is impossible.

If the plane works as a double-line snowplow snow can be rejected in right or left-hand side from an axis of a way depending on local conditions. The Plane-snowplow it is possible to export snow from recesses of small extent also.

Water purification, thread of ditches and the subgrade layout. These activities are executed by the core ("earthen") blade of a plane. Previously prior to the beginning of activities on a water purification or thread of ditches the engineman of a plane should familiarise with working conditions. It is necessary for it to know distances from an axis of a ditch to a way axis, from level of a head of a rail to the bottom a ditch, breadth бровки a subgrade. The engineman should check, whether is not present in ditches of fastenings, ties and other subjects which can lead to blade breakdown. After reduction covered into position the engineman at plane motion gradually fits in a blade on possible depth, depending on a category of a ground and a kind of attended operations (complete thread or a ditch water purification). Ditches thread for some passes. Speed of motion at the first pass to 5 km/h, and at the subsequent 10—15 km/h. The sheared ground in null places moves a blade and is put aside outside of a ditch on distance of 1,4 m, in superficial recesses (not above откосного подкрылка) — at recess top, in deep recesses of small extent is exported by a blade to a null place, and at the big extent is put aside on a sloping and then if it is necessary, manually leaves for its limits.

At carrying out планировочных activities кюветную the part covered retract in a blade, and откосный подкрылок dip. In the event that планировочные activities should be executed with an arrangement of a horizontal deck edge of a blade on 120 mms above level of a head of a rail, a blade root bridge to the lower bracket of the gear of rise of a blade with usage of the lower bore in a blade root. To the same bore suspend a blade at a water purification from snow of ways at station when the blade is shared with снегоочистительным the device.

Plane-snowplow reduction in a transport position. For this purpose откосную a part of the main blade raise in the upper position and fix a pneumatic drift stop in extreme bore of sector (fig. 9). Ballast подкрылки turn upwards before complete overlapping of a bearing surface подкрылка with a surface of the main part of a blade and attract to a blade bolts. The main blade raise upwards, turn, installing in a parallel way a machine longitudial shaft. A blade fix a screw coupling. After sailing installation in a single-line position and rise подкрылков forward boards and wings fix подкрылки transport pins, and blades — transport wedges.

At plane-snowplow СС-1 the lower compression struts lift and stow on a machine deck, fixing to protection of a deck by coach screws from a wire in diameter of 3 mms. The upper compression struts disconnect with boards, deploy along a frame of a plane and fix transport pins. At plane-snowplow СС-1М of a compression strut are constantly bridged to boards, therefore them do not lift, and fix pneumatic switch stops.


High-power отвальный plough МОП . On a network of railroad communications along with planes-snowplows for fulfilment of activities on the current contents, repair of a subgrade and a water purification of ways from snow continue to use machines of earlier extension — high-power отвальные ploughs МОП. A construction of working bodies МОП almost same, as at considered above machines.

High-power отвальный a plough (fig. 10) consists of the tradable frame 1 leaning against two biaxial dollies 9, two lateral wings 4, a nose 11, the pneumatic equipment. The control cabin is disposed in the middle of a frame. Behind a nose on a machine frame the portal farm 13 with two directing columns 12 is installed. Lateral blades 4 отвального a plough consist of the main and кюветной 17 parts and ballast подкрылка 7 and откосного a blade 3. The kjuvetnaja part covered 17 sliding — is transferred by a pneumatic motor. The lateral blade 4 fastens to a frame a jib 14 and two detachable yokes bridged among themselves by a pipe which slides on a column 12 and can be turned round it. The blade on a column mounts and dipped by the pneumatic cylinder. The otkosnoe blade 3 is transferred by two pneumatic cylinders one of which is disposed on telescopic traction. It is opened and pitched covered with the pneumatic cylinder 6. All telescopic tractions and compression struts of wings are supplied by pneumatic switch stops. Movement of a travelling plane by activity and feeding of pneumatic system by the compressed air are executed by the locomotive.