Devices of prevention spontaneous скатывания trains

Devices of prevention spontaneous скатывания trains

From devices applied in a skilled order we consider the most widespread control units spontaneous трогания trains. The first such device is installed on the locomotives having a preliminary indication lamps with unit L-77. Its complete set includes the monitor unit spontaneous трогания trains БКСТ of type Л-154 (it is made in the conditions of depot) or Л-168 (centralised delivery); units of both types work equally. Besides, in a locomotive cabin button S of type КЭ011 and a signal lantern are installed.
The device scheme ensures single-valued check of vigilance of the engineman at spontaneous трогании the locomotive from a place (traction is not actuated). When speed becomes above 10 km/h, whistle ЭПК is distributed and the signal lantern is fired. If the engineman does not press button S during 6-8 with the ambassador of the beginning of whistle ЭПК, happens автостопное train braking action. The self-control 6—8 with is ensured at the expense of activity of the unit of a preliminary indication lamps (БПСС).

Let's consider a device principle of operation on a scheme example (fig. 5), applied on diesel locomotives ТЭЗ. At rest the coil of relay assembly K1 of the monitor unit spontaneous трогания trains (БКСТ) receives feeding from wire А53 through contact 0-10 скоростемера 4 wire А160. Closing contact of relay assembly K1 ensures a feed circuit of coil ЭПК: binder ЭПК2, wire А165, a binder 6 БКСТ, contact К1, a binder 7, wire А166, button S, wire А171, a binder 5 БПСС, a binder 4, wire А155. At achievement of speed of 10 km/h and absence тягн relay assembly K1 is de-energised also by the closing contact ruptures a feed circuit of coil ЭПК, and with a releasing contact ensures actuation of a lamp I (+50, wire А161, a binder 3 units BKST, relay assembly KJ contacts, К2, a binder 2, wire А163, a lamp). By pressing by the engineman of button S receives relay assembly K2 feeding (+50, wire А168, button S contact, wire А162, a binder 4 units BKST, relay assembly K2 coil, a binder 8). Having actuated, relay assembly K2 the closing contact repairs a feed circuit of coil ЭПК: binder ЭПК 2, wire А165, a binder БКСТ, contact К2, a binder 7, button S, БКСТ, wire А155.

In a mode of traction of relay assembly K2 receives feeding from the circuit controller of the engineman on all positions, except null (wires 340, А164, a binder 5 units BKST, diode V3, resistor R5, relay assembly K2 coil, a binder 8). For providing of noise immunity of the scheme from point oscillations скоростемера relay assemblies Kl, К2 work with deboosting which is ensured at the expense of category of condensers CI, С2 through resistors Rl, R4.


The considered device has a significant lack: it stops a train only at development of speed of motion more than 10 km/h and does not ensure periodic check of vigilance at speed to 10 km/h at white fire of an engineman's indicator. And after all at low speed the engine crew quite often relaxes and transfers in drowsy condition therefore there are prodrivings of prohibiting signals. For elimination of the indicated lack in the device scheme the warning indicator of holiday of brakes № 352А with switching-off of contact 0-10 скоростемера can extra be installed. Then vigilance check will happen from a zero speed that allows to notify also скатывание trains at low speeds. For the cessation of check of vigilance at rest it is necessary, that the locomotive was in the braked condition i.e. that pressure in braking cylinders was not less than 2 kgs/sm2 - the scheme is similar to the scheme of the device for activity in one person (the item see 2, fig. 1).

The second device preventing maintenance of a train back, is constructed on a principle of comparison of a real current of traffic with a position of the circuit controller of the engineman. In case of discordance detection happens автостопное braking action. For the equipment of locomotives this device it is necessary to instal two relay assemblies, calculated on stress 50 In, and the sensor of a current of traffic (ДНД). As ДНД the adaptation consisting of the tumbler switch and a carrier fillet, interfacing with the special unit fixed on a gimballed fork of a drive скоростемера is used. At a direction reversal by means of a carrier fillet the tumbler switch is switched.

Let's consider the basic electrical circuit of the device (fig. 6). At rest the circuit controller of the engineman of a CM and the sensor of a current of traffic are in an identical position: "Forward" (Vp.) or "Back" (Naz.) depending on in what direction the locomotive before a stop moved. At determination of the circuit controller of the engineman and the sensor in a position "Forward" through sensor DND releasing contact "Vp." Receives feeding of relay assembly K1 which Vp after actuation becomes on a self-locking through the closing contact and contact "." The circuit controller of the engineman. Relay assembly K2 remains without feeding. Releasing contacts of relay assembly K1 and К2, in-parallel among themselves, are installed in a chain of a coil of an electropneumatic valve of a self-locking device (ЭПК).
At locomotive motion forward relay assembly K1 constantly receives feeding. At loss of vigilance by an engine crew and spontaneous скатывании trains back sensor DND is switched and through its closing contact "by Naz." Feeding on relay assembly K1 coil moves. Relay assembly K1 coil still receives feeding through own closing contact К1. Thus relay assemblies K1 and К2 which releasing contacts rupture a feed circuit of coil ЭПК are simultaneously actuated.


If the engineman at rest switches the circuit controller in a position "Back" relay assembly K1 will continue to receive feeding through contact of "Vp" of sensor DND. At a start of motion back the sensor switches off relay assembly K1 and actuates relay assembly K2 (feeding on coil К2 will move through contacts "Naz." The sensor and the circuit controller), therefore coil ЭПК remains energised, submitted through relay assembly K1 releasing contact. Thus, the scheme ensures автостопное braking action at spontaneous maintenance of a train back only at actuation of both relay assemblies Kl, К2 (discordance between a position of the circuit controller of the engineman and a new position of sensor DND).

Unlike the first considered device the second does not demand any additional actions from the engineman, is easier on a construction, works at a direction reversal within one revolution of the shaft скоростемера (a way passed by the locomotive no more 33). At the same time not on all types of locomotives structurally it is possible to place sensor DND, diesel locomotives ТЭЗ, М62, 2ТЭ10Л () are Most acceptable for such kind of update. Besides, the scheme of the device does not ensure a train stop at its spontaneous maintenance forward when the circuit controller of the engineman costs in a position "Forward", though probability of such maintenance as shows in-service experience, much more low, than maintenance back.

Devices of automatic actuation of a locomotive brake. For electric locomotives ВЛ80с, ВЛ80т, ВЛ80р developed the device of automatic actuation of a locomotive brake at speed less than 10 km/h, moderating probability скатывания trains at rest after holiday of brakes. The equivalent circuit of a rheostatic brake actuating electropneumatic valve КП-53 and the reduction gearbox is involved in the device, adjusted on air supply in braking cylinders by pressure of 2,5 kgs/sm2.


The scheme of the device applied on electric locomotives BЛ80с (fig. 7,), ensures stress supply on a coil 261 valves KP-53 through closing contacts of the intermediate relay assembly 393 which is the repeater of contact 0-10 скоростемера СЛ. For this purpose contacts of the relay assembly 393 disconnect from a seeing-off 234 and 235 which bridge among themselves. To the freed contacts of the intermediate relay assembly 393 connect the wires which are heading out from seeing-off HI and Н70.

At speed of motion below 10 km/h receives feeding a coil of the intermediate relay assembly 393, and through its closing contacts stress from seeing-off HI gets on a coil of a valve 261 valves KP-53 which submits compressed air pressure of 2,5 kgs/sm2 to a pulse main of the crane of an auxiliary brake № 254. Passing the crane and a pressure relay, air arrives in braking cylinders. For holiday of brakes the engineman № 254 should put the crane knob in a position I — to press a relief valve (buffer).

The device similar described above, can be used on locomotives without a rheostatic brake. The coil of electromagnetic valve ЭМВ (fig. 7,) receives feeding from control circuits stress 50 In through a releasing contact 0-5 closed at speed of 5 km/h and less. As this contact contact 0-10 скоростемера which disconnect from scheme AЛCH is used and connect to the connector 12 скоростемера. Thus a contact spacer regulate on short circuit at speed of 5 km/h.

Valve ЭМВ is actuated between a main of control circuits with an air pressure of 4-5 kgs/sm2 and a main of an auxiliary brake (a pulse main).

At speed of motion less than 5 km/h contact 0-5 ensures feeding supplies on coil ЭМВ. A valve, having actuated, submits air from system of control circuits of electrovehicles to a main of an auxiliary brake and further to the crane № 254.

Passing the crane, air gets to braking cylinders of the locomotive. Simultaneously it approaches to air distributor BP which is in a holiday position, and through it ниппельный the channel in diameter of 2,8 mms passes to atmosphere. Therefore stuffing of braking cylinders happens slowly and only to pressure about 3,2 kgs/sm2. Brake holiday is effected by pressing by the knob of the crane of an auxiliary brake the buffer. Thus, the device ensures at a stop of the locomotive (train) automatic stuffing of braking cylinders of the locomotive to pressure of 3,2 kgs/sm2 and deduction of a train by that on a place.

The considered devices are simple on a construction, but have a significant lack: at a running of a train with a speed below 10 km/h (5 km/h) irrespective of vigilance of an engine crew in braking cylinders of the locomotive air arrives. Therefore enginemen are forced to press the crane knob № 254 the buffer and to effect holiday of brakes. Repeated stuffing of braking cylinders probably only after raise of speed more than 10 km/h (5 km/h) - will be ruptured a chain of valves 261 (ЭМВ) — and than 10 km/h (5 km/h) are inverse its decrease to value less.

Devices L-132 considered in the previous paragraphs, УКБМ, and also ИБМ (item 7 see) in turn ensure a train stop at its spontaneous скатывании.