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Air supply system of diesel locomotive 2TE25KM

G.I. TSYVKUNOV, teacher of the Nizhny Novgorod division of the Gorky Training Center for Professional Qualifications

Drawings LLC Scientific and Technical Center "3DFAB", St. Petersburg

The air supply system of a diesel locomotive is designed to clean and supply the required amount of air to the diesel engine. A general view of the air supply system of the 2TE25KM diesel locomotive is shown in Fig. 1. The air supply system of the diesel engine 18-9DG-02 of the main-line freight diesel locomotive 2TE25KM consists of left and right air cleaners, moisture traps located on each air cleaner, and an air duct system. The air supply system provides three stages of cleaning.


Moisture trap 10 (see Fig. 1) is the first stage of air purification, which is bolted to the side wall of the locomotive body. The dehumidifier traps large particles of dirt in the air and droplet atmospheric moisture. The moisture eliminator body has vertically arranged plates that form labyrinthine channels. The air passing through the channels is cleaned of large particles of dirt and moisture, which enter the water collector through the lower holes in the dehumidifier body, after which the water and dirt are discharged out. The water collector with the moisture in it prevents air leaks and water carryover into the air supply system.
The technical characteristics of the air supply of the diesel locomotive 2TE25KM are given in the table.
Air purifier 2 (left and right) represents the second and third stages of air purification.
The second stage of air purification is carried out by direct-flow cyclones mounted in one block, which has 84 cyclones (Fig. 2). The multicyclone block is located inside the air cleaner body 2. In the lower part of the air cleaner body there is a dust collector 14, connected by a flexible hose to a motor-fan 13 (Fig. 3), which throws dust through the grille to the outside of the diesel locomotive and consists of an electric motor and a fan.



The third stage of air purification is designed for fine air purification and includes metal cassettes with filter elements located in the air cleaner housing. Each cassette consists of a panel filter installed in a metal frame. A rubber seal is glued to the cassette frame, and there is also a blue arrow indicating the direction of air flow. When installing cassettes into the housing, it is necessary that the blue arrow is directed in the direction of the air flow to the diesel turbocharger.
Air intake for diesel can be carried out both outside the diesel locomotive and from the diesel room. For this purpose, flaps 9 and doors are installed in the air cleaner body, connected to each other by manual drive of levers 3. The lever has a lock (Fig. 4) for installation in two positions and a stop for turning on/off the fan motor 13.
In the lower position of the lever, the stop does not affect the pusher of limit switch 1, the dust suction fan motor 13 does not work, while the flap inside the air cleaner body 2 is closed and the doors are open, which corresponds to the winter operating mode of the diesel locomotive. Air intake is carried out from the diesel room. The air flow passes only through the filter elements of the third stage of cleaning.


In the upper position of lever 3, the stop acts on the limit switch pusher (see Fig. 4) and turns on the dust suction fan motor 13, while the flap inside the air cleaner housing 2 is open and the doors are closed, which corresponds to the summer operating mode of the diesel locomotive. Air intake is carried out from outside the locomotive. The dust extraction fan runs constantly. The air flow goes through all stages of cleaning.
Air ducts 4 and 5 are fixed to the air cleaner housings on the right and left sides of the diesel locomotive, connected by flexible hoses 6 with adapters 8, which are connected through a rubber gasket to the diesel turbocharger 7 pipe. The air ducts are equipped with fittings for connecting air clogging indicators of the IZV-500 type (Fig. 5), which signal that the filter elements are clogged.
When the air vacuum in front of the turbocharger reaches 500 mm of water. Art. the IZV-500 type air clogging indicator is activated and the indicator screen turns red. This situation is critical. After arriving at the depot, an unscheduled inspection of the third stage of air purification should be performed. Based on the inspection results, it is necessary to replace the filter elements and check the condition of the rubber seal on them.

If there are tears in the rubber, the seal should be replaced. After carrying out the above work, the clogging indicators must be moved to the working position (the indicator screen is white).
In the summer operating mode of the diesel locomotive, lever 3 must be installed in the upper position. The air flow, passing through the moisture trap 10, enters the multicyclone block of the air cleaner 2. In the cyclones, the air, in addition to translational, receives rotational motion, and dust particles are thrown into the internal cavity of the block frame. From this cavity, dust enters the dust collector 14 and is then thrown out through the grille to the outside of the locomotive by the fan motor 13. The purified air after the block of multicyclones enters the third stage of purification - into the filter elements, in which the air, passing through the channels of corrugated liners, is cleaned of small dust fractions and then enters the diesel turbocharger through air ducts.
In winter (at a temperature of -35 °C), as well as during heavy snowfall, rain, or dust storm, lever 3 is moved to the lower position. The flap inside the air cleaner housing 2 closes and the doors open. In this case, the air comes from the diesel room of the diesel locomotive and passes only the third stage of purification. The transition from air intake from the diesel room to air intake from outside the diesel locomotive is carried out from inside the diesel locomotive by manually operating levers 3. In this position, the lever stop releases the limit switch pusher, and the fan motor is turned off.

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