How to turn the situation around?
According to the traffic safety analysis pages for 2002
The traffic safety situation on the railways remains alarming. The situation that developed in 2002 was studied in detail by the Ministry of Internal Affairs specialists, and an annual analysis was published. We offer readers excerpts from this document, paying special attention to the state of the locomotive industry.
Among the numerous problems to be solved in the new operating conditions of railway transport, one of the main ones remains ensuring the safety of train traffic. The organization of preventive work on accident prevention, which was correctly chosen by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, has made it possible to maintain the trend towards improving the situation over the past few years.
The positive situation continued in 2002. On the road network, the total number of defects was reduced by 4%, including special ones — by 9%, with passenger trains — by 1%, and the number of derailments of rolling stock in freight trains decreased by 31%. There were no crashes or accidents on eight roads. This is the result of the purposeful work of the teams of most line units and managers at all levels, which made it possible to strengthen the overall position of traffic safety in the face of an increase in traffic volume.
However, there is no need to talk about complete well-being today. On some roads, the accident situation was unsatisfactory and did not guarantee the safety of cargo and passenger transportation. The Northern, Moscow, Oktyabrskaya, North Caucasian, Volga, Sverdlovsk, West Siberian, and Trans-Baikal roads are among the most vulnerable in this regard.
The overwhelming number of derailments of rolling stock in freight trains was caused by employees of the track management, which is the "leader" in accidents (59% of all network derailments — 37 cases), and employees of the carriage industry (24%, 15 cases).
Passage of prohibition signals increased by 28%, one of them led to a passenger train crash. The number of departures of rolling stock increased fourfold, uncoupling of wagons en route — by 42%, damage to locomotives in passenger trains — by 10%.
In 2002, 4 passengers were killed and 11 people were injured. 123 units of rolling stock were damaged to the extent of exclusion from the inventory. A full break in train traffic is 150 hours. The material damage caused by the security breaches exceeded 41 million rubles.
In the same year, the audit office identified about 1.1 million different malfunctions and deviations from the standards of track maintenance, repair of rolling stock, and power supply devices. As a result of these inspections, more than 165.5 thousand prohibited measures were taken, including the closure of train tracks and the return of rolling stock for re-repair.
The traffic Safety Improvement Program for 2003 was formed taking into account the demands of roads and the needs of industry farms for modern devices. It was approved by the involved departments of the Ministry of Transport. As for the locomotive industry, a lot is being done here.
So, in order to exclude unauthorized passage of forbidding signals, a set of advanced technical means is being introduced, including: automatic train braking control systems (SAUT-Ts); microprocessor-based ALSN decoder with traffic safety functions (CLUB and CLUB-U), a telemechanical driver wakefulness monitoring system (TSKBM). In general, 57.1%, 11.1% and 7.4% of the operated fleet of locomotives and motor-car rolling stock are equipped with these systems on the road network, respectively. This year, it is also necessary to introduce devices for monitoring the unauthorized shutdown of the electropneumatic valve (CON) and improved electric braking control systems for electric locomotives.
In accordance with the Ministry of Internal Affairs Instruction No. 191u dated 11/29/02 "On the creation and implementation of a multi-level train management and safety system", it is planned to introduce technical means for a single integrated system on 30 locomotives this year. The priority task is to equip the locomotive fleet of passenger traffic on the most important transport corridors with such devices.
Non-destructive testing (NC) plays an important role in ensuring train safety. Its operating systems during the repair of rolling stock make it possible to detect a large number of dangerous defects and prevent the entry of unusable parts into operation. However, numerous means of manual NC and high complexity of control reduce the effectiveness of screening.
The results of technical audits and inspections of roads show that in most of them, the training and technical training of heads of road departments, line enterprises, and middle-level commanders is at a low level. Managers often do not know the requirements of regulatory documents, orders and instructions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs regulating the level of train safety, which generally negatively affects the quality of preventive work to prevent accidents.
The conclusion from all that has been said is to work in the field of further improving traffic safety with even greater stress and responsibility for the final result, to use all available organizational and technical capabilities and reserves to solve this crucial issue, and to deviate from the patterns in the forms and methods of preventive work.
The organization of work and recreation of locomotive crews requires constant attention. Suffice it to say that in 2002, 3,070 violations of their working hours were committed, including 2,281 cases over 12 hours. What kind of computer control over the work of locomotive crews can we talk about if their most basic rights are violated? The number of overtime hours has increased on the Southeastern, North Caucasian, and Kuibyshev roads. A driver who has not rested is potentially a prerequisite for marriage, including the passage of a prohibition signal. Trade union committees play an important role here.
The order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of 09.09.02 No. 498r has not yet been widely distributed and appropriately supported on a number of roads. This document is aimed at railways for a reason. In connection with appeals to the Ministry of Railways of Railway veterans for their more active participation in the affairs of the industry, a special order has been issued to supplement the Regulation on Public Control over Traffic Safety in Railway Transport. According to this decree, pensioners may be elected as public inspectors on an exceptional basis.
Of the 323 road accidents at railway crossings in 2002, over one hundred occurred with passenger trains. Despite the adoption of organizational and technical measures to avoid accidents, there has been no improvement.
Last year, the number of accidents at guarded crossings increased by 18%. The growth was noted on Gorky, Severnaya, Kuibyshevskaya and Sverdlovskaya roads. The number of accidents at unguarded crossings remained almost at the 2001 level, while there was an increase on Oktyabrskaya, North Caucasian, Volga, Sverdlovsk, West Siberian, Zabaikalskaya and Far Eastern roads.
Now, let's talk more specifically about how the train safety situation in the locomotive industry developed in 2002. There were 3 crashes. A shunting locomotive from the Moscow III depot collided with a passenger train on the Moscow Road due to the passage of a signal prohibiting readings. Due to the uncoordinated actions of the drivers of the Pechora depot of the Northern Road, a rolling stock derailment occurred.
Having discovered the warming axle box of the car, the crew of the Verkhny Baskunchak Privolzhskaya depot violated the requirements of the traffic order, deciding to proceed further. As a result, the neck of the axle of the wheelset was broken.
Traffic safety in suburban transportation facilities is extremely unsatisfactory. Due to the fault of their employees, 2 spontaneous departures of rolling stock were allowed on the Moscow and Oktyabrskaya roads, with the death of four people on the latter.
An investigation into the causes of violations has shown that everyday and purposeful work with drivers and assistants on reducing accidents and improving professional skills is being missed on the roads. About 66% of all crashes and passing of forbidding signals are the fault of drivers of I and II classes of qualification with more than 10 years of work experience. Locomotive crews grossly violate their official duties. Significant shortcomings in the work of train drivers from the Northern and Volga regions have been identified. East Siberian and West Siberian roads.
The analysis of the circumstances of the crashes, passages and gatherings in the Ministry of Internal Affairs showed that the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs did not manage to achieve a radical change in ensuring train safety.
With a 4.8% increase in traffic, the total number of marriages increased by 2.5%. Especially disturbing are the breaks in car couplings on the Southeastern, Far Eastern, and East Siberian roads. This is a clear consequence of the unsatisfactory training of inexperienced drivers to work in winter conditions, the weakening of control over the driving mode of trains and the failure of the depot's command and instruction staff to decipher the speed tapes When preparing drivers for work, the control features of car brakes in trains of increased weight and length were not taken into account.
The main reason for the breakage of automatic couplings is the lack of time to release the brakes in the tail section of long—range trains and the non-use of a direct-acting crane driver.
The number of rolling stock departures during shunting operations increased by 5%. Their number has increased dramatically on the North Caucasian, Southeastern and Moscow roads. The reasons for rolling stock gatherings during maneuvers were:
uncoordinated actions of the driver with the head of maneuvers — 40 %;
speeding and late application of brakes — 14 %;
setting the locomotive in motion without making sure that the couplings are disconnected — 9,5 %;
13.08.2023, 23:31
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