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The most important historical memorable dates, decisions and events of railway transport in the pre-war and wartime periods

1935 February 28 Lazar Moiseevich was appointed People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR (his time as People's Commissar after appointment: from 02/28/1935 to 08/22/1937) instead of Andreev AA.

The Moscow Metro has been put into operation (13 stations, the total length of the lines is 11.6 km).
A network-wide train timetable, a unified timetable and the "Charter of the Railways of the USSR" have been introduced on all railways.
On July 25-30, at the All-Union Meeting of Railway Transport Workers, a proposal was put forward "... on Railway Worker's Day as a day of maximum labor efforts for the glory of the Motherland..."

 

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1936

The All-Union Railway Transport Day of the Soviet Union was established by the decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated June 28 on the anniversary of the reception of railway workers by the leaders of the party and the government of the USSR on July 30, 1935, celebrated annually as the All-Union Stalin Railway Workers' Day. Since 1940, in accordance with the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the celebration of the All-Union Railway Worker's Day was established on the first day off (Sunday) in August.
For reference. Railway Worker's Day was first established in 1896 in connection with the 100th anniversary of the birth of Emperor Nicholas I, the founder of the construction of Russian railways, and was celebrated until 1917.

The central operation control is divided into three controls: traffic, cargo and passenger.
The freight steam locomotive SOC (Sergo Ordzhonikidze with condensation) was released.

1937

The Institute of NCPS traffic safety auditors has been introduced: there is a chief traffic safety auditor in the NCPS office, and road and district auditors in the field.

1938

April 5 Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich was appointed People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR (time of work: from 02/05/1938 to 03/25/1942) instead of Bakulin A.V.
September 1 The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to form an Operational Management of the NKPS in the NKPS, along with the existing Central Traffic Directorate, with the task of dispatching control over the daily train situation. on the railway network as a whole and on each road individually.

1939

Four railways were organized: Lviv, Kovel, Brest-Litovsk and Bialystok in connection with the incorporation of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus into the USSR. A special unit "Special Group on Roads of the West" has been created in the Central Office of the NKPS.
1940 - Eight Departments for groups of roads (directions) were established in the organizational structure of the NKPS: The Northwest (headed by B.P. Beshev), the West (S.V. Gusev), the Center (A.I. Lysov), the South (V.P. Egorov), the Caucasus (A.A. Yezhkin), the Urals-Siberia (A.N. Gusev), the Far East (I.E. Vorobyov) and Central Asia (I.S. Romashov).
The Scientific and Technical Council of the NCPS has been established.

The results of railway transport in 1940: compared with 1920, freight turnover in the USSR increased 36 times, the length of railways increased to 105.3 thousand km, the average daily loading on railways increased from 27.4 thousand wagons in 1913 to 97.9 thousand wagons.
1941 June 22 The Great Patriotic War began after the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union.
On June 24, by order of the People's Commissar of Railways L.M. Kaganovich, a military train schedule was introduced on all 44 railways from 18.00.
June 24 The NKPS instructed the railways to form 288 military-sanitary trains, for which 6 thousand wagons were allocated.
On June 24, by a decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, an Evacuation Council was established under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, consisting of: Kaganovich L.M. (Chairman, People's Commissar of Railways), Kosygin A.N. (Council of People's Commissars), Shvernik N.M. (All-Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs), Shaposhnikov B.M. (General Staff of the Red Army) and others.

On June 30, the State Defense Committee (GKO) was formed, headed by I.V. Stalin.
On June 30, the positions of NKPS commissioners were established at the fronts, who were personally appointed by decisions of the State Defense Committee.
On July 16, the GKO reorganized the Evacuation Council under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, which included: N.M. Shvernik (chairman), A.N. Kosygin (deputy), M.G. Pervukhin (deputy), A.I. Mikoyan, L.M. Kaganovich (NKPS), M.Z. Saburov and V.S. Abakumov (NKVD).

The Road of Life, which operated during the siege of Leningrad, was laid in the southwestern district of Lake Ladoga.
September 15 GKO Resolution No. 674 "On the organization of restoration work on front-line Railways" was adopted, according to which the Directorate of Military Restoration Work (UVVR, chief N.A. Kholin) was established at the Central Office of the NKPS on the basis of the Restoration Department of the Military Mobilization Directorate, and at nineteen front-line and frontline railways — restoration services, restoration sites and areas to eliminate the destruction of railway infrastructure.
October 15 The GKO adopts Resolution No. 801 "On the evacuation of the capital of the USSR, Moscow."
October 24 The Military Operational Management (Wind Turbine) of the Moscow Railway Hub is being created at the Central Office of the NKPS, and eleven military-industrial units are being built on Moskovsko-Okruzhnaya and adjacent to Moscow Leninskaya, Yaroslavskaya, F.E. Dzerzhinsky Railway, Moskovsko-Donbasskaya, Moskovsko—Kievskaya, Zapadnaya, Kalininskaya and Oktyabrskaya railways.operational departments (VEO) in accordance with GKO Resolution No. 832 "On the organization of military operational departments and the transfer to the position of workers in the ranks of the Red Army associated with the movement of trains."

In July-November, 2,593 enterprises were relocated by rail from the frontline regions to the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia, including 1,523 large factories: 667 evacuated factories were located in the Urals, 322 in Siberia, 308 in Central Asia, 226 in the Volga region.

1942 year

GKO Resolution No. 1095 of January 3, 1942 "On the restoration of railways" was adopted and the restoration of infrastructure on the destroyed railway lines of the Moscow region began.
The North Pechora Railway has been put into operation.
On January 23, the State Committee of Defense adopted Resolution No. 1190c "On the construction of the Stalingrad—Saratov—Syzran—Ulyanovsk railway along the 900 km long right bank of the Volga River, called the Volga Rockade.
Andrey Vasilyevich Khrulev, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, head of the Rear of the Red Army, Lieutenant General, was appointed by a decree of the State Defense Committee to replace L.M. Kaganovich as People's Commissar of Railways (years of work in the NKPS: from 03/251942 to 02/26/1943).

1943

Due to a lack of coal, steam locomotives on nine railways were converted to firewood as fuel on the initiative of the Vologda depot engineer Vasily Ivanovich Bolonin.
Adopted by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) on March 16, 1942, the resolution "On the wages of train and shunting crews of railway transport in wartime.
" April 17 The GKO adopted decision No. 1559 "On increasing the salaries of railway executives."
April 21 The GKO adopted a decision "On the development of horticulture and animal husbandry on railways" with the allocation of 130,000 hectares of land, a large number of young livestock, birds.
GKO Resolution No. 1765 of May 18, 1942 terminated the conscription of railway transport workers into the Red Army and at the same time ordered the return to railway transport of "locomotive engineers, assistant locomotive engineers, train dispatchers and station attendants" who had previously been drafted into the Red Army.
GKO Resolution No. 2263 of September 7, 1942 "On the organization of columns of steam locomotives of the special Reserve of the NKPS" was adopted, according to which 37 columns of 840 steam locomotives were formed in 1942, and a total of 86 columns of 1940 steam locomotives during the Second World War.
November 21 a GKO resolution was adopted on the construction of a 35 km-long crossing over Lake Ladoga.
January 18 the siege of Leningrad was broken by the troops of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts.
On January 18, in accordance with GKO Resolution No. 2759, construction of the Zhikharevo—Shlisselburg railway line began (completed on February 8, 1943), traffic was opened on the Polyana—Shlisselburg line, named the Victory Road, which connected Leningrad with the country's railway network.

February 14 by the decision of the GKO and the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), consisting of: I.V. Stalin (Chairman), A.A. Andreev (Deputy Chairman), L.M. Kaganovich (People's Commissar of Railways), A.I. Mikoyan, A.V. Khrulev (Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, head of the Rear of the Red Army), I.V. Kovalev (TSUPVOSO), Z.A. Shashkov (People's Commissar of the River Fleet), P.P. Shirshov (People's Commissar of the Navy), G.V. Kovalev (Deputy People's Commissar of Railways), A.G. Karponosov (NGO) a Transport Committee has been established under the GKO.
On February 26, Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich was appointed People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR for the third time (years of work: from 02/26/1943 to 12/20/1944) instead of Khrulev A.V.
June 5 The GKO decided to build a 70 km long Stary Oskol—Rzhava railway line, setting a construction period of two months.
July 17 The 95 km long Stary Oskol —Sarayevka railway line, built in 32 days, came into operation, which played a huge role in the victory of our troops over the enemy in the Battle of Kursk and was named the "Road of Courage".
September 28 By order of People's Commissar L.M. Kaganovich No. 740TS "On badges for particularly distinguished persons commanding and enlisted personnel of railway transport", new badges were introduced along with the existing badges "Honorary Railwayman" and "Drummer of the Stalinist draft": "Excellent locomotive driver", "Excellent mover", "Excellent trackman", "Excellent signalman", "Excellent wagon driver", "Excellent builder", "Excellent restorer", "Excellent administrative worker".
On November 5, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 100 railway workers and 27 representatives of the railway troops were awarded the high title Hero of Socialist Labor for special services in providing transportation for the front and the national economy and outstanding achievements in restoring the railway industry in difficult wartime conditions.

1944

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