Freight wagons of Kazakhstan: improving the technical condition
E.A. Karibzhanov, Chief Engineer of Kaztemirtrans JSC, Republic of Kazakhstan
Today, Kaztemirtrans JSC is one of the largest owners of the inventory fleet of freight wagons in the Republic of Kazakhstan. One of the main tasks facing the company is the maintenance of the working fleet in good technical condition for timely and high—quality transportation of rolling stock. And outdoor advertising platforms can be placed on the wagons themselves to generate additional income. Here you can order an advertising banner and high-quality graphics.
By implementing this task, the specialists of Kaztemirtrans JSC are taking all measures to improve the consumer properties of wagons. The technical characteristics of the wagon and its components are constantly being improved. This is due to the implementation of modernization projects agreed upon for use at meetings of the Commission of the Council on Railway Transport by authorized specialists of the carriage industry of railway administrations and implemented on the railways of the CIS countries.
The implementation of this task is based on the principles of increasing the life of the main components and parts of freight wagons. At the same time, it is planned to reduce the number of repairs and ongoing uncoupling repairs of the main expensive components of wagons by increasing their maintenance-free runs, eliminating cases of failure of wagons in operation.
The difficult economic situation caused by the global economic crisis has a negative impact on the implementation of the wagon repair plan, as well as their maintenance. At the same time, the management of Kaztemirtrans JSC considers the innovative direction of development to be a priority.
For this purpose, the company's representatives are studying the global experience of developing and updating the freight wagon fleet. The completed and commercialized research and development work in the field of carriage construction, modernization of components and parts is analyzed.
For example, by order of Kazte-Mirtrans JSC, representatives of Kazakhstani car repair organizations modernize the components and parts of freight wagons. This happens during planned types of repairs, major repairs with extended service life.
In the period from 2005 to 2008, the modernization of freight trolleys was implemented according to the project M1698 PKB CV of JSC Russian Railways, and trial operation of freight wagons with trolleys upgraded according to the C03.04 project using wear-resistant elements of the A. Stucky company (USA) is underway.
To increase the life of freight wagons, major repairs are being carried out to extend their service life. Universal platforms are being converted into platforms for transporting large-capacity containers.
In addition, during scheduled repairs of freight wagons, the doors of covered wagons, hatches of grain trucks, cement trucks, car modes and details of the lever transmission of trolleys are being upgraded. All these projects were previously approved for use by representatives of the member states of the Commonwealth at meetings of the commissions of the Council on Railway Transport of authorized specialists in the carriage industry of railway administrations.
In 2009, gondola cars were manufactured for Kaztemirtrans JSC at the production facilities of ZIKSTO JSC (Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan). They are equipped with RT-120 and PMKP-110 absorbing devices.
New gondola cars purchased from Russian car builders with an improved uncoupling drive of the automatic coupling device make it possible to prevent self-couplings and prevent the automatic coupling from falling onto the track in the event of a break.
Kaztemirtrans JSC has reached an agreement with the car repair organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the modernization of freight wagons since 2010 with planned types of repairs and major repairs extending the service life of the following units:
- auto-braking equipment with replacement of the serial set of connecting fittings for fittings for threaded connections manufactured by JSC Ritm;
- automatic coupling equipment with the replacement of absorbing devices
of class T0 (Sh-1-TM, Sh-2-V) for class T1 (PMKP-110, RT-120, APM-120-T1).
Having read the information about the creation of new generation freight wagons by Russian and Ukrainian designers with improved technical and economic characteristics (increased resource, upgraded assemblies and parts), widely covered in the media, I would also like to share information about the results of the work carried out by the Kazakh side to improve the technical condition of the freight wagon inventory.
So, in 2008, the Qiqihar Wagon Building Company (one of the largest enterprises of the Chinese Northern Industrial Corporation for the manufacture of freight wagons, railway lifting machines and spare parts), commissioned by Kaztemirtrans JSC, produced two experimental semi-trailers of the EM-70 model with ZK1 type trucks (Fig. 1). Operational tests of these wagons are conducted with October 2008 on the coal routes of the Ekibastuz region. The main parameters for comparison are presented in Table 1.
During the tests, difficulties were revealed in the joint operation of the technical means of automatic control of rolling stock on the train (PONAB, DISC, KTSM-01) and axle boxes of the wheelset of the experimental wagons. This is due to the use of cassette bearings in wagons, which have a different operating temperature regime and the location of control heating zones.
Replacing outdated diagnostic tools with modern ones will eliminate these difficulties. For example, the KTSM-02 complexes provide for the transition from relative methods of measuring temperatures to absolute ones with the identification of the type of axle boxes according to the characteristics of their temperature conditions.
Considering that the main trend in recent years has been the transition of rolling stock to cassette—type axle boxes instead of standard axle boxes with cylindrical bearings, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive intersectoral program for the introduction of modern diagnostic tools for rolling stock.
The general appearance and data revealed by comparing truck models 18-100, 18-578 and truck ZK1 manufactured in China are shown in Fig. 2 and in Table 2.
The two-axle three-element truck ZK1 manufactured in China is manufactured according to TB/T2942 standards (Fig. 3). It consists of a cast overhead spring beam of a closed box-shaped section with four technological openings and cast side frames with technological windows.
For a more rigid connection between the side frames, the support beam and the spring sets, the side frames are diagonally interconnected using two cross-bonded elastic elements (rods). They pass through the technological openings of the support beam, the technological windows of the side frames and are fixed in the technological windows of the side frames using four rocker levers.
The design of the articulation of the overhead beam with the side frames ensures the rectangular shape of the trolley in the plan. The alignment of the wheelset axles is also achieved when the trolley is moving.
The design of cargo trolleys manufactured in China excludes:
- longitudinal runs of the side frames relative to each other (for trolleys 18-100 they reach 15-20 mm), as a result, the intensity of wagging of the trolley decreases, the smoothness of the carriage improves;
- pendulum oscillations of the frames relative to their own longitudinal axes, as a result, uniform load transfer is established to the elements of the axle box assembly, which eliminates bearing misalignments.
In addition, an analysis of the use of Chinese-made trolleys on the railways of China, the United States, and Australia shows the following:
- increase the speed of trains from 70 to 120 km/h;
- reduction of wheel wear by 4 times;
- a 3-fold increase in the period of inter-repair operation;
- 40% reduction in repair costs.
Based on the results of operational tests of experimental wagons manufactured by China, a special commission decided on the possibility of their use in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Their certification is required for the running of Chinese wagons in interstate traffic on a gauge of 1520 mm.
At the same time, the Republic of Kazakhstan is organizing its own car—building production capable of producing competitive products in demand on the market (Kazakhstan Car—building Company, Ekibastuz - 2500 wagons per year; JSC "ZIKSTO", Petropavlovsk - 2000 wagons).
04.03.2023, 10:14
Похожие темы
Почта
