Kozlovye cranes
 

Kozlovye cranes

In travelling facilities козловые cranes are applied on the open areas звеносборочных bases, the loading recreational areas of distances of a way, шпалопропиточных factories to loading, discharging and transportation within the recreational area of various materials and first of all materials of the upper structure of a way — rails, fastenings, ties. They are widely applied at assemblage relso-shpalnoj gratings. The main advantage of these cranes — simplicity of production and operation.

Irrespective of a construction козловой the crane (fig. 2.38) consists of the bridge in the form of a farm 1 (a beam, a pipe), leaning through support 2 with dollies 3 on подкрановые ways. On the bridge козлового the crane it is installed and the dolly 4 or a monorail motor hoist, equipped with the load-lifting gear to which the freight 5 is suspended can be transferred on it крановая.

The bridge (farm) козлового the crane can have one or two consoles, but can be and without them. In this connection cranes are shared on console and бесконсольные. The Control cabin the crane takes place on support or a farm that ensures to the craneman the good review.

To main specifications козлового the crane concern: cargo capacity Q, span L, i.e. distance across between axiss подкрановых ways; console Lk length — distance between a rail axis подкранового ways and centre of a pharynx of a hook of the load-lifting gear which is in an extreme position; the maximum height of lift of a hook of J.Skorost podema of freight козловыми lays within the limits with cranes 8—16 m/mines, and speed of movement of the crane — of 20-100 m./minutes

Kozlovye cranes span and above call of 32 m as overload bridges. They are intended for servicing of the big areas, for example ground storages of loose goods. The kozlovoj crane maintains the area limited to a bridge span, consoles and a length подкранового ways. Span козлового the crane can overlap two and more railway ways.


GOST 7352—81 on козловые cranes is spread to cranes by cargo capacity 3,3—32 т with span of 10-32 m and provides extension of cranes of type ККТ with a monorail motor hoist (electrotackle) as the gear of rise and КК with goods trolles. Thus, the load-lifting gear козловых cranes are goods trolles (at Q> 5 or a monorail motor hoist (Q <1 5. Examples of symbols of cranes: 1) ККТП-5-16-8-0,125-0,32-0,8 (ГОСТ7352—81) — козловой the crane with control from a floor (with a tackle cargo capacity 5 т, span of 16 m with a height of lift of a hook of 8,0 m, a hoisting speed of a hook of 0,125 km/s, speed of movement of a tackle of 0,32 km/s, speed of movement of the crane of 0,8 km/s; 2) КК-2-20/5-32-10-0,2/0,5-0,8-1,0 (GOST 7352 — 81) — козловой the crane (execution 2), with a dolly cargo capacity of a main hoist 20 т and auxiliary 5 т, span of 32 m, a height of lift of 10 m, a hoisting speed of the main hook of 0,2 km/s, auxiliary 0,5 km/s, a carriage speed of 0,8 km/s, speed of the crane of 1,0 km/s.

The cranes projected earlier, have other designations. So, on transport use two-console 5-ton cranes KD-05 and КД-09, two-console 10-ton cranes KDKK-10, ККС-10 (self-installed). In travelling facilities are widely applied 5и 10-ton cranes.

The kozlovoj crane KDKK TH (fig. 2.39) consists of a farm 2 leaning against support of 8 types козловых. On a farm the dolly 1 with the load-lifting gear is transferred крановая. The farm has two consoles 6. Support 8 are mounted on the tradable dollies 9 transferred on rails подкрановых of ways by means of the gear of movement. Engines крановой dollies feed on a current on a cable 3 from троллеев 5. For dolly repair the beam 4 with a tackle serves. Support have spreader beams 10, and also a control cabin 7. On the special recreational area the equipment 11 is mounted пускорегулирующая.

The stopway-10 crane (the crane of travelling bases) which consists of two 10-ton cranes KDKK TH, bridged by rigid bars and operated of one cabin is applied to loading and discharging of rails, ties and rail links

The kranovaja dolly has gears of lifting of loads and dolly movement. At the crane KDKK TH (fig. 2.40) the gear of lifting of loads represents a cargo winch. It actuates the engine 14, a joint 13, a brake 4, the reduction gearbox 12, a freight drum 3, a chain hoist 1 with the lever of the terminator of lifting of loads 5, a yoke with a hook 6. The gear of movement of a dolly consists of the electric motor 8, the reduction gearbox 10, a joint 9, wheels 2 and brakes 7. For supply of electricity to the electric drive the dolly has a cable reeled on a special drum 11. On the kinematic scheme of the gear of lifting of loads (fig. 2.41,) are designated: the engine 1, joints 2,3, 6, a brake 4, the reduction gearbox 5, a drum 7, a chain hoist 9, a hook 10 and an additional cable drum 8 which rotates synchro with the freight. The cable 11 supplies the electric drive or a magnet of the replaceable adaptations hinged on a hook of 10 cranes. On the scheme of the gear of movement of goods trolles (fig. 2.41,) are designated: 1 — the engine, 2 — a brake, 3 — reference wheels, a 4-reducer. On rails подкранового ways the crane is transferred by means of a drive tradable приводных dollies. At KDKK TH all four reference dollies приводные. Each of them (fig. 2.41,) has the electric motor 1, a brake 2 types ТКТГ-200, the reduction gearbox 3 and reference skating rinks 4.

The kozlovoj crane 5 т type КД-09 is shown by cargo capacity on fig. 2.42. It consists of a farm 1 on which lower belt on an I-beam 5 the electrotackle (monorail motor hoist) 3 with a rail link 6 is transferred. The farm leans against support 2. Feeding of electric motors by a current is executed on троллеям 4, disposed on riser pipes along a way of movement of the crane. On звеносборочных bases the crane hadles packages of rail links 7 and warehouses of materials 8.


Electrotackles. These are compact pendant electrical winding gears with the electric motor. Them apply not only as elements козловых cranes, ache as self-supporting load-lifting gears in shops and workshops, in warehouses and bases. Cargo capacity of electrotackles in accordance with GOST 22584—77 from 0,25 to 5 т.

The main units of an electrotackle-body, the electric motor, freight drum, the reduction gearbox and brake. The body is suspended to a self-propelled dolly. The electric motor can be built in a drum or is attached on flanges sideways tackles. The tackle with the built-in engine has less on a length and weight, but at them it is worse retracted warmly from the engine. An electrotackle body suspend to a beam or a dolly. The electrotackles suspended to a self-propelled electrically-driven dolly, are called as monorail motor hoists. Speed of their movement of electrotackle ТЭ-500 of 20-40 m./minutes (a tackle electrical, cargo capacity 5) with the built-in engine the electric motor 5 (fig. 2.43,) is placed in a drum 6. The engine shaft is bridged by a splined joint to the shaft of a double-reduction gear 1. Scalloped pair 21—18 transmits rotation to a layshaft installed on bearings 16, whence scalloped pair 17-2 on the bush bridged by a scalloped joint 14 with drum 6. For safeguarding of the electric motor from hit of oil from the reduction gearbox serves манжетное seal 15. In a reduction-gear housing, closed the cover 22, places two brakes: electromagnetic колодочный 23 which braking sheave is landed on the primary shaft of the reduction gearbox, and грузоупорный disk 20 on the intermediate shaft. The ratchet wheel 19 these brakes is stopped by the doggie. The gruzoupornyj brake acts from shipment weight and keeps it at a command altitude. For omitting of freight the electric motor rotate aside, inverse to rise. The chain cable 13 fastens on a drum bolts. The case is attached to a welded body of 3 tackles 7 with an electrocontrol equipment a tackle in which starting switches 10 and ring токопровод 9 with a seeing-off 8 for feeding of the electric motor 5 are placed. The tackle is suspended to a dolly on flanges 4. Control of a tackle is executed from a cabin козлового the crane or at self-supporting usage of a tackle by buttons 12 through a cable 11.

On fig. 2.43, the kinematic scheme of the gear of lifting of loads of an electrotackle where from the engine 5 through scalloped vapours 2—7 and 4—3 rotation is transmitted to a drum 6 is presented. The gear has an expanding shoe type brake 1 and persistent 8.


The gear of movement of a tackle cargo capacity 3 т and less consists from приводной and single dollies, and a tackle cargo capacity 5 т — of two приводных dollies. At those and others dollies are bridged among themselves by a crossarm on which the rise gear is suspended. Everyone приводная a dolly has on two leaders and two single wheels. The first are set in motion by the electric motor through two lateral reduction gearboxes. The privodnaja dolly is represented on fig. 2.44, and. From the electric motor 10 cog-wheels 9, 8,7, 6 and 5, 11, 1 rotation is transmitted to wheels 2 and 4, leaning against regiments of a double tee 3. At installation of dollies it is necessary to monitor, that the total gap between detachable flanges of tradable wheels and a shelf did not exceed 4—6 mms. On fig. 2.44, the kinematic scheme of this dolly is presented. In козловом the crane 5 т (sm fig. 2.42) the monorail motor hoist 3 is transferred by cargo capacity but the lower shelf of the I-beam 5 attached by bolts to the lower belt of a farm / of the crane. It allows to change easily a beam in case of depreciation. Control of movement gears контроллерное. Feeding крановых electric motors can be executed by a current on a flexible cable reeled at movement of the crane on a coil or on троллеям, disposed on coaming stays along a way of movement of the crane.


For cranes KD-05 and КД-09 cargo capacity 5 т, used in travelling facilities, in exchange before applied monorail motor hoists ТЭ-5-911 develops the goods trolles transferred on an I-beam of the crane on two четырехкатковых dollies. Thanks to it the freight hoisting speed is increased to 0,233 km/s, and dolly movements — to 0,66 km/s. The gear of movement of the crane is installed on two приводных reference dollies. Each of them (fig. 2.45,) has the electric motor 3, a brake 2, the reduction gearbox 1 and reference skating rinks 4.

Kozlovye cranes can be self-installed or installed by means of other portable cranes or special jigger masts and winding gears. The farm of self-installed cranes шарнирно is bridged to support that allows to plant the last in the parties at farm omitting on the earth (disassembly) and to bring together support at farm rise upwards, i.e. at crane installation into position (mounting). Subtending of support and crane rise are executed by means of a chain hoist and the gear integrated with the gear of movement of the crane. For this purpose there is a rope drum 6 which is actuated кулачковой by a joint 5. At jointing of last with hubs of a skating rink 4 gear of movement works as the gear for self-rise of the crane by subtending of the chain hoist 7 which one units are on reference приводной to a dolly And the crane, and others 9 — on неприводной to B.Pri's reference dolly mounting of cranes previously instal a farm on the earth, and tradable dollies — on подкрановые ways. Then support bridge шарнирно to tradable dollies and a farm (fig. 2.45, a position 1). After that with the help кулачковой joints 5 actuate a drum 6 and a chain hoist 7 subtend support, raising thereby a farm (a position 11). Support bridge bars or U-beams.

For mounting of 10-ton cranes KDKK TH, KKS TH are used by auxiliary winding gears. Everyone self-installed козловой the crane has the special gear for maintenance of an identical turn angle of support at crane rise, i.e. warnings of its skew. At 10-ton cranes of a support are bridged by the lever locking gear consisting of two levers (fig. 2.46), support bridging the ends by a principle параллелограммного devices. At turn of one of support another, linked to it levers, should be turned on the same corner.


Drive козловых cranes electrical, therefore for actuation and adjustment of electric motors special vehicles the circuit controllers having one or two numbers кулачковых of elements, consisting from mobile and immovable contacts are used. At moving of the mobile resistance of an electrochain, a current and rotation rate of engines changes. For the drives calculated on heavy modes, use magnetic circuit controllers, and control execute control pedestals. Such devices are provided on KDKK TH. Depending on a position of the grip of a control pedestal the certain contactors ensuring the corresponding operational mode of a drive are actuated.

Technical characteristics of some козловых cranes are more low fetched.

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