Power supply of devices of automatic lock-out

Power supply of devices of automatic lock-out

The basic electrical supply of devices of automatic lock-out is carried out from high-voltage lines СЦБ (VL СЦБ), constructed along tracks by pressure 10 кВ, frequency of 50 Hz (earlier projected also lines pressure 6 кВ). The reserve electrical supply is carried out from lines of a longitudinal electrical supply (VL ПЭ) railway consumers by pressure of 10 35 kw. Unlike transmission lines high-voltage lines СЦБ, as a rule, have no branchings, and instead of a small number of powerful consumers of energy (the enterprise, settlements, etc.) on all their length through 1—2,5 km to them are connected by automatics and telemechanics devices basically capacity 0,5—1,5 кВ•А. On all extent high-voltage lines СЦБ pass near to lines of railway communication, and is frequent also with a traction network of the electric railways.

From VL СЦБ power supplies of other devices STSB and communication, posts of electric centralisation, station operatively-technological communication, bilateral park communication and served intensifying points of the main communication at intermediate stations, and also technological loadings of devices of detection перегретых axle boxes, переездной, the landslide and tunnel alarm system are carried out. Joining to VL СЦБ of other loadings is not supposed.

A reserve food listed above consumers and a food of the consumers carried to II and III categories, is provided from lines of a longitudinal electrical supply (BЛ ПЭ) or local power supplies. Other railway consumers connect to line BЛ ПЭ (office and residential buildings, the electrotool for travelling works and etc.) also. Their number define the admissible area of cross-section section of wires and capacity of feeding transformers.

From BЛ СЦБ the electric power is transferred to alarm installations of automatic lock-out through lowering linear transformers of type the OHM. For reduction of influences by the communication lines going along railroad tracks, linear transformers include in various phases alternately so that all phases have been loaded in regular intervals. On cable sites of a line of automatic lock-out transformers of type place the OHM in metal cases near to alarm points.

Depending on a sort of draught and automatic lock-out type two systems of an electrical supply of boiling devices apply. At alternating current system rail chains and all equipment receive energy only from a high-voltage line. At the mixed system rail chains eat a direct current from accumulators, alarm devices receive energy through lowering transformers from a high-voltage line, and in case of its deenergizing — from local storage batteries. Now the mixed system do not project, but in operation is more than 20 thousand in km of the railways equipped with this system.

Irrespective of a power supply system and the scheme of an electrical supply of devices loss of pressure in the end of a line between two adjacent points of food BЛ СЦБ should not exceed 5 %.

On sites where maintain automatic lock-out of system of the alternating current, each alarm point has the basic and reserve food through separate linear transformers with installation in relay cases of the relay for automatic switching of a food from one transformer on another.

High-voltage chains of automatic lock-out should be provided with a bilateral food from energy sources with the mutual reservation, had on the ends of each shoulder. High-voltage chains of VL СЦБ on all extent partition. Sectioning schemes should suppose possibility of manufacture of repair work on a line, them carry out depending on an automatic lock-out power supply system.

The high-voltage chains BЛ СЦБ suspended on one support with alarm wires, should receive energy from tyres through isolating transformers and not to have galvanic communication with other transmission lines.

Vysokovoltno-alarm lines СЦБ (BCЛ СЦБ) serve for a suspension bracket of high-voltage and alarm wires. The high-voltage chain is intended for an electrical supply of devices of automatic lock-out on stages and automatics and telemechanics devices at those stations which have no other energy sources.

Alarm wires provide interaction of devices of automatics and the telemechanics, located in different points along the railway, for example mutual coordination of indications of the next traffic lights of automatic lock-out. On alarm wires other signals of management and control are transmitted also.

The electrical supply of automatic lock-out and station devices STSB should be organised so that their work did not stop at damages or repair of elements of a high-voltage line. Therefore reservation is carried out at all levels of system of an electrical supply: a food of a high-voltage chain is reserved, the chain, linear lowering transformers are whenever possible duplicated, local reserve energy sources directly at fed devices and etc. are put

Possibility of switching-off of the damaged or repaired short sites of a high-voltage chain is reached by sectioning, i.e. division of a line into the separate parts connected among themselves разъединителями.

At alternating current system all high-voltage line divide into separate sites — food shoulders, each of which is provided with the electric power from food points. From two adjacent points of a food the basic point is included constantly, and reserve — only at switching-off of the basic point or at repair work on a line.

On sites with electrodraught the high-voltage line eats from traction substations, and on not electrified sites — from any energy sources which are available on sites, consumers of I category providing with energy (power supply systems, power stations, substations, transmission lines).

On sites with independent draught where an automatic lock-out food is carried out on the mixed power supply system and it is provided with a local storage reserve, for each alarm installation mount on one linear transformer of type an OHM, attached to VL СЦБ. At the mixed power supply system it is supposed to feed from one linear transformer on stages two alarm installations at distance between them no more than 400 m.

On the electrified lines of the railways of a wire of VL ПЭ lay on support of a contact network, therefore on sites with electrodraught construct one-chain VL СЦБ. On sites with independent draught at absence on them VL ПЭ construct two-chain lines with combination on the general support of wires of VL СЦБ and ПЭ. In areas with adverse environmental conditions it is possible to construct two one-chain lines.
High-voltage lines СЦБ and ПЭ at electrodraught of a direct current, as a rule, three-phase pressure 10 кВ with the isolated neutral. At electrodraught of an alternating current pressure of VL ПЭ 27 кВ and as one wire is used by rails.

For increase of reliability of power supplies of devices STSB, without switching-off of an electrical supply of consumers of I category of VL СЦБ and VL ПЭ partition simplifications of search of the damaged sites of a line and a possibility of repair work разъединителями (fig. 249).

At transmission lines on separate support sectioning only VL СЦБ is supposed. Разъединитель 1 establish on either side of the transformer substation feeding the devices of electric centralisation. It equip with electric drives with remote control (ДУ) from the person on duty on station, and in the presence of centralised traffic control or systems THEY be the HARDWARE — also from энер го the dispatcher and. In the absence of transformer substations for a food of posts ЭЦ provide one разъединитель remote control.

In the scheme of an electrical supply of alarm installations of code automatic lock-out and centralisation of small stations at a two-chain transmission line (fig. 250) разъединители 3 with remote control establish in both chains of a line between the transformers feeding the devices of electric centralisation. With their help define damage to stage limits faster. Linear разъединители 2,4 hand-operated allow to switch off a line within a site between adjacent transformers of type the OHM, without breaking a food of alarm points. The transformer feeding an alarm point, together with разъединителем 2 establish on a power portable support 1. Разъединитель allows to check up the transformer without infringement of a bilaterial food of a line.

The Basic and reserve points of a food . High-voltage lines СЦБ divide into separate sites — food shoulders, each of which should be provided with a bilateral food from basic on their ends basic and reserve points of a food. It concerns and the lines of a longitudinal electrical supply used for a reserve food of devices STSB.

At system of an alternating current the length of a shoulder of a food should not exceed 50 km (fig. 251). A food of each shoulder of VL СЦБ and VL ПЭ should be carried out separate and, except that, a food of each shoulder of VL СЦБ should pass through isolating transformers Т.

On sites with the big movement where adjacent points of a food are reliable enough or where at reliable points of a food distance between them more than 50 km, for reduction of length of a part of a line disconnected during failures it is expedient to feed each site of a line simultaneously from two ends towards each other with rupture in the middle and with installation in a point of rupture of point of sectioning which is reserve point of a food (fig. 252).

If automatic lock-out devices receive a food from long-distance traction substations, feeding switches of feeding points of automatic lock-out also join in the general system of telecontrol. Whenever possible points of a food of automatic lock-out should have an identical phase and in necessary cases to suppose parallel work of transformers.

At the mixed power supply system as well as at the alternating current system, all high-voltage line divide into separate sites — food shoulders, each of which receives a food from both ends (fig. 253). The length of a shoulder of a food, as a rule, should not exceed 40 km.

If it is impossible to provide the specified lengths from available energy sources for a food of devices STSB, between them equip the automated reserve power stations. If the distance between available points of a food more than 40 km, instead of reserve point of a food is supposed to equip automatic point of sectioning. The automatic point of sectioning in a normal diet of a high-voltage line divides last on two parts, and at switching-off of one of adjacent points to it automatically connects both parts of a line, submitting to them a food from one end.

A reserve food of automatic lock-out is carried out from storage batteries, and the capacity of accumulators is accepted taking into account a daily reserve. On the basic points of a food high-voltage feeders of automatic lock-out, as a rule, do separate for each shoulder of a food and mount on the closed substations. On points of a reserve food high-voltage feeders of automatic lock-out can be the general on two shoulders of a food with their subsequent division into mast substations or air distributive points.

Provide on one разъединителю in the end of each stage at a power support for a food of an entrance traffic light (from a stage). If extent of a stage more than 10 km in the middle include one more разъединитель. Irrespective of a power supply system разъединители, established at entrance traffic lights from a stage and in the middle of a stage, equip with electric drives with remote control from the person on duty on stations or the dispatcher.

Schemes of points of a food of devices of centralised traffic control are similar to the considered schemes of power supply of devices of automatic lock-out.