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По умолчанию RAILWAYS AND WAR before 1918. RAILWAYS IN THE FRONT LINE

RAILWAYS AND WAR before 1918. RAILWAYS IN THE FRONT LINE


Improvised trolley for transporting wounded (U.K.)

The light railways, proper, finished some four or five hundred yards behind the actual front line for fear of damage by shelling; in front of them were the trench tramways, crude and lightly laid tracks using rail weighing only 9 lb/yd, and suitable only for horse or man-haulage. Often blown up, frequently patched together again, sometimes even with wooden rails, these were nevertheless extremely valuable. They carried up supplies and ammunition, and brought back the wounded, saving them an agonising journey plodding through mud. The improvised trolleys like that shown here, were at first built locally in corps workshops or even on site and were quickly fitted with end bars to allow stretchers to be carried as well as the so-called 'walking wounded'. They were extremely simple, having no springing at all and the ride over rickety track must have been bone-shaking.

'P' class dual purpose wagon for wounded (U.K.)

British ingenuity eventually came to the rescue, in the shape of a small 4-wheeled wagon capable of running both in light railway trains and on trench tramways. This, the 'P' class wagon (fully described on Plate 123) had sprung axleboxes and could be quickly adapted to carry either stores or stretchers. Special ends were provided to allow for two tiers of stretcher cases—four in all—and the wagons often ran with a 'mixture' of fittings. This, having brought up stores— hence the slatted sides—is now conveying wounded back to a casualty clearing station.

MONORAIL AND SUSPENSION DEVICES (U.K.)

In a number of front-line areas, even the light and fairly easily dismantlable trench tramways could not be used— sometimes because of the danger of exposure to the enemy, sometimes because they had to run in communication trenches, sometimes because the ground to be traversed was too shell-torn to be formed easily into a trackbed. A partial solution was found in the use of single (mono) rail systems and in aerial ropeways.

Standard monorail truck for man haulage

The 'official' solution was a ground-level monorail consisting simply of 9 lb/yd rail spiked down to short sleeper blocks and laid alongside a path. On this ran a small truck rather similar to the 'P' class in having a flat body with removable slatted sides, and fixed slatted ends. It differed from other trucks in having not a conventional underframe but a braced structure which extended beyond each end just off the centre line and supported wheels in tandem. At one end, also, vertical supports held a horizontal piece of gas-piping at chest height, this being grasped by the operator and used both to balance and propel the car. Stability at rest was ensured by small skids at each side.
The system had the advantages of being simple to construct and almost indistinguishable from the air, but needed reasonably level ground; it was used fairly widely, some 1404 trucks being supplied to the Western Front.

Irish pattern monorail

This was a 'field' design conceived by one Captain Finnimore R.E. to enable trench lines to traverse badly torn-up ground. It was in essence a simple version of the French Lartigue system using balanced panniers hung each side of a raised central rail but without the Lartigue's guide rails—which it did not apparently miss. The single car 'train' could take up to 400 lb of cargo and was used mainly for removing 'spoil' from trenches. Construction was simple, utilising a 9 lb/yd rail spiked direct on to vertical posts, and hand, cable and even motor-worked versions were produced. The plate shows one of the latter—perhaps the only one— apparently propelled by a motorcycle engine. The name, incidentally, came obviously from recollections of the Irish Listowel & Ballybunion Railway that had been built to the Lartigue system a few years before.

Wilson monorail for trench use

This was another field device in which Captain Finnimore again had a hand. It was specifically designed for moving wounded and stores in confined trenches where conventional railways would cause obstruction, and consisted of a flat 'rail' hung from cross beams and supporting a tray suspended from double-flanged wheels in tandem. It could carry about 200 lb but was really useful only in deep communication trenches where there were no zig-zags or sharp corners; this somewhat naturally restricted its use to one or two rear areas!

Aerial ropeway

Although not really railways these were occasionally used as tramway substitutes and both the Leeming and Hamilton systems were used. As can be seen from the aerial ropeway shown here, they were conventional suspension lines with fixed 'dollies' clipped on to carrier ropes.


Редакторы: Admin
Создано Admin, 18.02.2011 в 16:00
Последнее редактирование Admin, 18.02.2011 в 16:00
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